Air Quality Prediction in Smart Cities Using Machine Learning Technologies Based on Sensor Data: A Review

The influence of machine learning technologies is rapidly increasing and penetrating almost in every field, and air pollution prediction is not being excluded from those fields. This paper covers the revision of the studies related to air pollution prediction using machine learning algorithms based on sensor data in the context of smart cities. Using the most popular databases and executing the corresponding filtration, the most relevant papers were selected. After thorough reviewing those papers, the main features were extracted, which served as a base to link and compare them to each other. As a result, we can conclude that: (1) instead of using simple machine learning techniques, currently, the authors apply advanced and sophisticated techniques, (2) China was the leading country in terms of a case study, (3) Particulate matter with diameter equal to 2.5 micrometers was the main prediction target, (4) in 41% of the publications the authors carried out the prediction for the next day, (5) 66% of the studies used data had an hourly rate, (6) 49% of the papers used open data and since 2016 it had a tendency to increase, and (7) for efficient air quality prediction it is important to consider the external factors such as weather conditions, spatial characteristics, and temporal features

Exploring the rights of cultural participation and new ways of access to culture.

Las políticas culturales impactan de diferentes maneras en las personas y en la forma en que estas se relacionan con los objetos y espacios culturales, materializando diferentes tipos de derechos culturales que van del goce y la contemplación hasta el derecho a la participación activa en la vida cultural. Gradientes que basculan entre el mirar y el hacer cultura. Veremos cómo las políticas destinadas a promocionar el derecho a la participación actualmente siguen infra desarrolladas, en detrimento de las políticas que fomentan los derechos de prestación o de libertad. En este artículo analizamos qué tipos de derecho cultural se ponen en juego en cada acción situando en el centro del debate la necesidad de comprender la materialización de los mismos para que tengan un desarrollo pleno en las políticas culturales.Cultural policies impact in different ways on people and the way they relate to cultural objects and spaces, materializing different types of cultural rights ranging from the right to enjoyment and cultural contemplation to the right to active participation in cultural life. Gradients that oscillate between looking and doing culture. We will see how policies aimed at promoting the right to participate in cultural life are currently under developed, to the detriment of policies that promote rights of provision or freedom. In this article we analyze what types of cultural rights are at stake in each cultural action, placing at the center of the debate the need to understand the materialization of cultural rights so that they have a full development in cultural policies

Experimental study of the effect of disorder on subcritical crack growth dynamics

The growth dynamics of a single crack in a heterogeneous material under subcritical loading is an intermittent process; and many features of this dynamics have been shown to agree with simple models of thermally activated rupture. In order to better understand the role of material heterogeneities in this process, we study the subcritical propagation of a crack in a sheet of paper in the presence of a distribution of small defects such as holes. The experimental data obtained for two different distributions of holes are discussed in the light of models that predict the slowing down of crack growth when the disorder in the material is increased; however, in contradiction with these theoretical predictions, the experiments result in longer lasting cracks in a more ordered scenario. We argue that this effect is specific to subcritical crack dynamics and that the weakest zones between holes at close distance to each other are responsible both for the acceleration of the crack dynamics and the slightly different roughness of the crack path.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted in Physical Review Letters (http://prl.aps.org

An Analysis of Next Generation Access Networks Deployment in rural areas

Next generation access networks (NGAN) will support a renewed electronic communication market where main opportunities lie in the provision of ubiquitous broadband connectivity, applications and content. From their deployment it is expected a wealth of innovations. Within this framework, the project reviews the variety of NGAN deployment options available for rural environments, derives a simple method for approximate cost calculations, and then discusses and compares the results obtained. Data for Spain are used for practical calculations, but the model is applicable with minor modifications to most of the rural areas of European countries. The final part of the paper is devoted to review the techno-economic implications of a network deployment in a rural environment as well as the adequacy and possible developments of the regulatory framework involve

Refletindo sobre medidas coercitivas em saúde mental. Análise bioética e antropológica

[spa ] Las medidas coercitivas en salud mental implican un significante sufrimiento para pacientes, familiares y profesionales. Generan mucho debate ético sobre su legitimidad y/o su rechazo. Estos desafíos éticos para Enfermería han parcialmente delimitados. Los aspectos teóricos, filosóficos y éticos que se derivan de su uso han sido objeto de estudio por parte de Enfermería, aunque han sido analizados superficialmente. Este artículo arroja luz sobre esa laguna y explica los conceptos “vulnerabilidad”, “mejor interés”, y “competencia”. Además, se exponen algunas teorías éticas para fundamentar la relación asistencial. Por último, se presentan algunos estudios empíricos sobre la percepción de los afectados por estas prácticas coercitivas. El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es elaborar un marco teórico antropológico y ético que propicie una reflexión crítica sobre las razones de su uso o abandono de las medidas de contención en salud mental. [eng] Coercive measures in mental health mean a significant suffering for patients, families and professionals. They generate ethical debate about their legitimacy and / or their rejection. Such ethical challenges for Nursing have been partially delimited. The theoretical, philosophical and ethical aspects that derive from its use have been studied by Nursing, although they have been superficially analyzed. This article sheds light on that gap and explains the concepts "vulnerability", "best interest", and "capacity". Besides, this article presents some ethical theories to support the relationship. Finally, some empirical studies are presented on the perception of those affected by these coercive practices. Objective: The main objective of this article is to elaborate an anthropological and ethical theoretical framework that encourages critical reflection on the reasons for the use or abandonment of containment measures in mental health. Methodology: Theoretical reflection on the subject, using the relevant and updated bibliography extracted from the Pubmed search engine. The following keywords in English are used: challenges, ethics, mental health, nursing, coercion, and coercive measures to detect the underlying ethical issues. On the other hand, we use the terms vulnerability, mental capacity, and best interest for its conceptual analysis. Results: We provide an anthropological and ethical theoretical framework so that Nursing knows how to understand and justify more rigorously the issue of contentions in mental health. Conclusion: Coercive measures generate controversy and dispute between those who apply them and those who receive them. The literature has detected a considerable number of underlying ethical dilemmas; however, the idea that there is a conceptual deficiency is shared. Although it is possible to identify some key concepts, such as those provided in this article, which allows us to have conceptual tools to better understand this healthcare context; We believe that the application of coercive measures must be guided by an ethic of care, a hermeneutical ethic and a cordial dialogic ethic, which mark rights and duties. [por] Medidas coercitivas em saúde mental implicam sofrimento significativo para pacientes, familiares e profissionais. Eles geram muito debate ético sobre sua legitimidade e / ou rejeição. Esses desafios éticos para a enfermagem foram parcialmente delimitados. Os aspectos teóricos, filosóficos e éticos decorrentes de sua utilização foram estudados pela Enfermagem, embora tenham sido analisados superficialmente. Este artigo lança luz sobre essa lacuna e explica os conceitos de "vulnerabilidade", "melhor interesse" e "competição". Além disso, algumas teorias éticas são expostas para embasar a relação de cuidado. Por fim, são apresentados alguns estudos empíricos sobre a percepção dos afetados por essas práticas coercitivas. Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste artigo é desenvolver um referencial teórico antropológico e ético que estimule a reflexão crítica sobre os motivos do uso ou abandono de medidas de contenção em saúde mental. Metodología: Reflexão teórica sobre o assunto, utilizando a bibliografia relevante e atualizada extraída do motor de busca Pubmed. São utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave em inglês: desafios, ética, saúde mental, enfermagem, coerção e medidas coercitivas para detectar quais são os problemas éticos subjacentes. Por outro lado, usamos os termos vulnerabilidade, capacidade mental e melhor interesse para sua análise conceitual. Resultados: Fornecemos um referencial teórico antropológico e ético para que a equipe de Enfermagem saiba compreender e justificar com mais rigor a questão das contendas em saúde mental. Conclusões: As medidas coercitivas geram grande polêmica e disputa entre quem as aplica e quem as recebe. A literatura detectou um grande número de dilemas éticos subjacentes; no entanto, a ideia de que há uma deficiência conceitual é compartilhada. Embora seja possível identificar alguns conceitos-chave, como os apresentados neste artigo, o que nos permite ter ferramentas conceituais para melhor compreender este contexto de saúde. Acreditamos que a aplicação da coerção deve ser pautada por uma ética do cuidado, uma ética hermenêutica e uma ética dialógica cordial, que marcam direitos e deveres